On International Women’s Day 2017, Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) celebrates the women of Afghanistan and highlights the dangers they face during pregnancy and childbirth.
Afghanistan remains one of the most dangerous places in the world to give birth. Every year around 4,300 women die due to complications during pregnancy or childbirth. In Australia, by comparison, the toll is 19 women. Childbirth without skilled attendance represents a major threat to the survival and wellbeing of Afghan women and their newborns.
Aqila is midwife supervisor in Dasht-e-Barchi Hospital's maternity department in Kabul, managed by MSF in partnership with the Ministry of Public Health. Working as a vaccinator in a rural health center, she decided to become a midwife to help make childbirth safer for fellow Afghan women. "I’ve seen a lot of women in my life dying during delivery or after delivery," she says. "And I’ve seen children growing up without their mother. It’s a very sad thing."
MSF aims to reduce mortality and morbidity for mothers and their newborns through the provision of free, high-quality maternal and neonatal health care in four hospitals in Afghanistan. Of all the births assisted by MSF worldwide, one in four takes place in Afghanistan, and our medical teams helped deliver more than 66,000 babies in 2016.
One of the key barriers to safe delivery is the lack of female doctors and midwives.
For several decades, Afghan women have been unable to access education, leading to a shortage of trained female staff to look after women in labor. Yet at the same time, many families will only seek care from a female medical provider due to Afghanistan’s cultural gender norms. This dilemma is one reason why up to two-thirds of babies are born at home, unassisted. All of MSF’s projects in Afghanistan emphasize training local female staff. By strengthening their skills, MSF helps to ensure its projects can respond better to the needs of women.
Almost all of the midwives assisting deliveries in MSF programs are Afghan women. Since the women’s-only maternity hospital opened in rural Khost Province in 2012, a number of female doctors have also become highly experienced in managing complicated deliveries. They have been trained by international staff like obstetrician-gynecologist Dr. Séverine Caluwaerts, who has worked in Khost seven times.
"Two of our national doctors, Dr. Sadia and Dr. Farida—I basically taught them their first Caesarean section and now so many years later they are independent," says Dr. Caluwaerts.
While MSF provides free health care, many other clinics across the country charge for their services. "A lot of people have economic problems which means they don’t have money for antenatal care or to see a gynecologist," says Aqila. "The women are demotivated to go to private expensive hospitals so they try to deliver at home. Many of them don’t know about the complications of pregnancy and delivery."
Antenatal care is crucial for identifying and mitigating complications, which can have a big impact on the health of the newborn.
Nadya recently gave birth to her first baby in Ahmad Shah Baba Hospital, jointly-run by MSF and the Ministry of Health in Kabul, but like many Afghan women had received very limited antenatal care. In fact, more than 40 percent of Afghan women receive no antenatal care during pregnancy—a figure MSF is trying to help reduce through health promotion activities and provision of free care. Nadya’s baby was born with a mild, treatable spina bifida, but if it had been detected during pregnancy, Nadya and her family could have been supported to prepare for the birth and any follow-up.
